TEJAS Journal of Technologies and Humanitarian Science

A Review On the Research Development In Autonomous Vehicles: Self-Driving Cars

Khushi Maurya
Student, National PG College, Lucknow, India

Author

Rishita Tiwari
Student, National PG College, Lucknow, India

Author

Shweta Sinha
Assistance Professor, Computer Science Department, National PG College, Lucknow, India

Author

📜 License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

• Share — Copy and Redistribute the material
• Adapt — Remix, Transform, and build upon the material
• The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Abstract:

Autonomous driving is a profoundly ambitious project that doesn’t necessitate a human intervention to supersede power and has become an area of increasing fascination for service superseders, the industry, infrastructure corporations, and academia. Its development is interwined with e-mobility and voluntary portability concepts such as sharing a car. It could be a focalizer for technological innovations within the car sector. This paper examines an extensive expedition of the realm of auto-vehicles(AVs), exploring deep into their technological foundations, social consequences, and the evolving framework. In this paper, we discuss the technologies essential to build an AV, while also tackling critical obstacles and opportunities in the constantly advancing locomotion ecosystem. Public opinion and approval of autonomous driving are crucial for their successful social integration. This section explores the factors affecting public perceptions towards AVs and proposes ways for augmenting acceptance. We present self-driven cars featuring wide range of intelligent behaviors, including seamless trajectory generation, and examine tracking, lane changing and lane keeping; intersection processing, whether involving pedestrian, bicycle, and work zone detection, hasn’t been explicitly trained to identify road features, for example. However, the study highlights the technical difficulties in ensuring auto-vehicles safe. Research is currently in progress to lay the foundation for subsequent research and these identified potential vulnerabilities must be addressed as technology and vehicles advance. Aside from innovative challenges, on-screen characters in these frameworks must also bargain with economical, ethical, cybernetic, societal, lawful, and biological issues.

References

1. Sandra Boric, Edgar Schiebel, Christian Schlögl, Michaela Hildebrandt, Christina Hofer, Doris M.Macht “Research in Autonomous Driving – A Historic Bibliometric View of the Research Development in Autonomous Driving”
2. Margarita Martinez-Diaz, Francesc Soriguera, 2018. “Autonomous vehicles: theoretical and practical challenges” XIII Conference on Transport Engineering, CIT2018
3. Parekh, D.; Poddar, N.; Rajpurkar, A.; Chahal, M.; Kumar, N.; Joshi, G.P.; Cho, W. “A Review on Autonomous Vehicles: Progress, Methods and Challenges”. Electronics 2022,11, 2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142162
4. Xie, S.; Hu, J.; Ding, Z.; Arvin, F. (2023). "Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for Connected Autonomous Vehicles Using Spring Damping Energy Model". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 72 (3): 2974–2987. doi:10.1109/TVT.2022.3218575. S2CID 253359200. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
5. "Waymo's Robotaxis are Hitting the Highway, A First For Self Driving Cars". Forbes.
6. Valdes-Dapena, Peter (13 June 2024). "Waymo recalls driverless cars to make them less likely to drive into poles | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
7. Bellan, Rebecca (12 June 2024). "Waymo issues second recall after robotaxi hit telephone pole". TechCrunch. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
8. "Waymo recalls software in all its cars after its robotaxi crashes into a pole". NBC News. 13 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
9. "'Phantom Auto' will tour city". Milwaukee Sentinel. 1926. p. 4. Cited in Munir, Farzeen; Azam, Shoaib; Hussain, Muhammad Ishfaq; Sheri, Ahmed Muqeem; Jeon, Moongu (2018). Autonomous Vehicle: The Architecture Aspect of Self Driving Car. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Sensors, Signal and Image Processing. Association for Computing Machinery. doi:10.1145/3290589.3290599. ISBN 9781450366205. S2CID 58534759.
10. Vanderbilt, Tom (6 February 2012). "Autonomous Cars Through The Ages". Wired. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
11. Weber, Marc (8 May 2014). "Where to? A History of Autonomous Vehicles". Computer History Museum. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
12. "Carnegie Mellon". Navlab: The Carnegie Mellon University Navigation Laboratory. The Robotics Institute. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
13. Kanade, Takeo (February 1986). "Autonomous land vehicle project at CMU". Proceedings of the 1986 ACM fourteenth annual conference on Computer science - CSC '86. pp. 71–80. doi:10.1145/324634.325197. ISBN 9780897911771. S2CID 2308303.
14. Wallace, Richard (1985). First results in robot road-following (PDF). JCAI'85 Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2014.
15. Schmidhuber, Jürgen (2009). "Prof. Schmidhuber's highlights of robot car history". Retrieved 15 July 2011.
16. Technology Development for Army Unmanned Ground Vehicles. National Research Council. 2002. doi:10.17226/10592. ISBN 9780309086202
17. Meyer, Gereon (2018). "European Roadmaps, Programs, and Projects for Innovation in Connected and Automated Road Transport". In G. Meyer; S. Beiker (eds.).
Road Vehicle Automation. Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer. pp. 27–39. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94896-6_3. ISBN 978-3-319-94895-9. S2CID 169808153.
18. STRIA Roadmap Connected and Automated Transport: Road, Rail and Waterborne (PDF). European Commission. 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
19. Hawkins, Andrew J. (7 November 2017). "Waymo is first to put fully self-driving cars on US roads without a safety driver". The Verge. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
20. "FAQ – Early Rider Program". Waymo. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
21. "Waymo launches nation's first commercial self-driving taxi service in Arizona". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
22. "Waymo's Self-Driving Future Looks Real Now That the Hype Is Fading". Bloomberg.com. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
23. Ackerman, Evan (4 March 2021). "What Full Autonomy Means for the Waymo Driver". IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
24. Hawkins, Andrew J. (8 October 2020). "Waymo will allow more people to ride in its fully driverless vehicles in Phoenix". The Verge. Retrieved 5 March 2021. 25. "Nuro set to be California's first driverless delivery service". BBC News. 24 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
26. Staff, The Robot Report (14 September 2021). "DeepRoute.ai closes $300M Series B funding round". The Robot Report.
27. "Mercedes-Benz self-driving car technology approved for use". Feet News. 9 December 2021. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
28. "Slow Self-Driving Car Progress Tests Investors' Patience". The Wall Street Journal. 28 November 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
29. , Thomas C. Henderson (2016). “Multisensor_Data_Fusion” Springer Handbook of Robotics Siciliano, Khatib (Eds.). ©Springer 2008
30. Galceran, E., Cunningham, A. G., Eustice, R. M., & Olson, E. (2017). Multipolicy decision-making for autonomous driving via changepoint-based behavior prediction: Theory and experiment. Autonomous Robots, 41(6), 1367–1382
31. Seongjin Choi, Hwasoo Yeo (2017). “Framework for simulation based lane change control for autonomous vehicles” 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Pages 699 – 704 https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2017.7995799
32. Seppelt, B. & Reimer, B. & Russo, L. & Mehler, B. & Fisher, J. & Friedman, D., (2019) “Consumer Confusion with Levels of Vehicle Automation”, Driving Assessment Conference 10(2019), 391-397. doi: https://doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1723
33. Ilkka Kotilainen, Chris Händel, Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid, Lasse Nykänen, Harri Santamala, Anna Schirokoff, Matti Autioniemi, Risto Öörni, Niklas Fieandt (2019). “Arctic Challenge Project's Final Report: Road Transport Automation in Snowy and Icy Conditions” Publisher: Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency (Väylävirasto) ISBN: 978-952-317-739-0
34. Michael P. Manser, Alex Noble, Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani, Ashley Shortz, Sheila Klauer, Laura Higgins, Alidad Ahmadi (2019). “Driver Training Research and Guidelines for Automated Vehicle Technology” SAFE-D: Safety Through Disruption National University Transportation Center
35. Beheshtitabar, Ehsan. "A Rule Based Control Algorithm for on-Ramp Merge With Connected and Automated Vehicles" (2020). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dissertation, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/ttnp-hn26 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cee_etds/111
36. Ruolin Li, Philip N. Brown, Roberto Horowitz (2021) .”A Highwa Tol Lane Framework that Unites Autonomous Vehicles and High-occupancy Vehicles” arXiv:2107.03477v2 [eess.SY] 26 Jul 2021
37. Abdul Hamid, U., Mehndiratta, M., and Adali, E., "Adopting Aviation Safety Knowledge into the Discussions of Safe Implementation of Connected and Autonomous Road Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2021-01-0074, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2021